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However if oral examination indicates multiple problems
diffused entirely in the mouth or if the whole mouth
must be displayed in order to view the bone region, then
panoramic films which shows the entire internal
structure of the mouth shall be requested. MRI and CT
are other diagnostic methods which we frequently use in
patients with joint problems or implant application.
Methods of Therapy
The objective of an oral diagnosis is not to treat
patients, but to clearly and openly determine the
internal oral problems and to inform our patients. Once
our patients approves for therapy then at this point our
specialist dentists and physicians will orientate them.
Periodontology
Objective
Periodontology is a scientific branch in dentistry that
involves with gingival diseases. Gingival problems are
accelerated when inadequate dental care or ineffective
oral hygiene is present. Gingival diseases are widely
encountered in the community at a high ratio such as
75%. However, gingival diseases may be present in
patients with diabetes, cardiovascular disorders,
epilepsy, HIV and leukemia. When gingival infection
becomes intense, the tissue of the bone begins to
dissolve and then falls apart even though decay is
absent. Development of gingival diseases negatively
effects the patient�s general condition. Certain studies
carried out during the recent years indicated that the
ratio of risk of hearth attack in patients with gingival
diseases are very high.
Methods for Identification and Diagnosis
Tooth decays may occur between the intermediate chewing
surfaces of the tooth that contacts each other or at the
neck region of a tooth. Decays can be easily detected
when they form on the surface of the tooth as dark brown
colors or cavities. However, some tooth may require a
x-ray film to determine a hidden tooth decay.
When tooth decays are not treated then the decays
extends toward the dentin tissue of the tooth. Dentin
possesses a readily soluble structure when compared to
enamel and therefore it accelerates the development of
tooth decays. Tooth decays that reaches the dentin
tissue causes sensitivity against cold, hot, sour and
sweet mediums. Pain may develop. However pain vanishes
when the factors that cause pain are removed. If pain
continues then we can understand that the decay had
advanced and reached the vessel-nerve bulk at the pulp
layer and canal therapy is needed.
Therapeutical Methods
Curettage
Deep internal gingival pockets are cleaned by the means
of curettage and surfaces that have lost their
slipperiness are treated by flattening the root surface.
Flap Operation
Flap operation is applied to the tooth gum in advanced
gingival diseases which have developed towards the bone
under limited numbness.
Gingivectomy and Gingivoplasty
Additionally the dental gingival can be shortened or can
be figured for esthetic or therapeutical purposes (Gingivectomy)
(Gingivoplasty). Tooth gum therapy is not mentioned to
re-acquire lost tissues, but to preserve the current
healthy gums in a healthy manner. Therefore early
diagnosis is important. Treatment of tooth gum diseases
can achieve the utmost satisfaction for the patient when
necessary medical interventions are applied and when
results obtained from such therapy are definite. Tooth
gum therapy will also provide a convenient medium to the
dentist to carry out other dental therapies.
Endodontics
Objective
Canal therapy is mostly a scary procedure for patients.
Our mission is to provide adequate information to our
patients and help them understand the importance of a
canal therapy. This therapy is called Endodontics, and
patients must be calmed and their fears should be
removed.
Methods for Identification and Diagnosis
Patients who requires canal therapy generally refers to
our hospital due to pain and sensitivity to hotness.
Such patients will experience pain when the painful
tooth is knocked (percussion). When a tooth fails to
react against pain then the tooth is considered dead or
a lesion is formed at the root tip. Such cases are
easily diagnosed due to swelling at the face or by
x-rays. In our clinic, we use digital radiographs and
also classical radiograms during the entire stages of a
canal therapy.
Therapeutical Methods
Canal therapy is performed under limited anesthesia and
without pain. An entry to the root of the tooth located
in the jawbone of the tooth is performed from a cavity
opened at the pulp (nerve layer of the tooth) at the
crown of the tooth. Tooth nerves are located in the
canals of the dental root. Sometimes the tooth may have
1,2 or 3 canals and even more than the normal numbers of
canals. Canal therapy consists from many procedures,
such as respectively, removal of tooth nerves, shaping
and eliminating microorganisms and then filling the
expanded canals. After then restoration is performed to
the crown of the tooth in accordance to the length of
the damage and the tooth�s esthetic and functionality
are provided.
Prosthetic Dentistry
Objective
Tooth Prosthesis (Prosthetic Dentistry) is a recognized
scientific branch of information and art in dentistry
where artificial tooth is placed instead of a totally or
partially loss tooth. Tooth can be lost due to various
reasons and as a result physiological functions such as
chewing, talking may impair and esthetic and
psychological problems that may have a serious impact on
adjuvant organs such as the jawbone joint, auditory
organ, respiratory tract and personal factors may occur.
Methods for Identification and Diagnosis
Healthy tooth gums have a dusty-rose pinkish color. When
the internal mouth is examined, bleeding is accompanied
with redness, swelling and a bright surface appearance
of the tooth gums (gingival) and are typical findings.
In advanced gingival diseases films displays bone
losses. The dimensions of a tooth gum pocket is
surprisingly larger than the tooth gum that surrounds
the vicinity of the tooth which is approximately 1-2mm
according to normal measurement. The first symptom of
tooth gum diseases which is immediately noticed by the
patient is bleeding during teeth brush. Further more bad
taste in the mouth and bad breadth also accompanies the
condition.
In the community Gingival Diseases can effect a wide
range of individuals at different intense. Mostly the
condition develops and advances without a specific
finding. The patient may not experience pain at the
early stages of the disease. However when the patients
refers to a dental clinic or hospital due to complaints
then it can be late to save and reserve the healthy
tooth as most of the tooth may get lost. Therefore a
routine dental visit to the dentist or physician is
important and may avoid gingival diseases and play an
important role in the treatment of such dental
conditions.
Therapeutical Methods
Gingivectomy
The dental gum can be shortened (Gingivectomy) or
figured (Gingivoplasty) because of esthetic or
therapeutical reasons.
Esthetic Dentistry
Excluding functional deficits, esthetic dentistry is
applied when patients are not pleased from their outer
appearance. Smiling is the most important key for
trustfulness and confidence. Sometimes a single smile
can take place of many words. We would extremely
recommend our patients who have a bad dental appearance
and who feel obliged to hid their smiles to benefit from
the wide opportunities of esthetic dentistry.
Gingivectomy
We can frequently see a �gummy smile� on some
individuals where tooth gums are fully exposed during
smiling or when the length of the tooth is shorter than
normal or when tooth gums are not symmetric.
Patients with such complaints can be treated by the
means of a small surgical intervention periodontologists
(tooth gum specialists) and the length of tooth gums can
be shortened symmetrically. The distance between the
tooth gum and the bone must be adequate for a proper
intervention. After the tooth gums are harmonized then
various interventions and arrangements can be provided
by specialist dentists.
Bleaching
Bleaching can be applied to patients with congenital or
acquired dark dental color. However bleaching therapy is
available only when the gum disorders are absent (such
as gingivitis, gingival withdrawal and etc. Further more
corrosion must be absent at the neck region (cervix) of
the tooth. Therefore patients who requires bleaching are
examined with detail and necessary therapies are
performed before the bleaching therapy is initiated.
There are 2 types of bleaching:
1. Home (residential) Type: A special plate is prepared
for the mouth according to oral measurements. After then
special gels are administered to the patient by the
physician at certain periods
2-Office (clinical) Type: After the tooth gums are
isolated in a clinical environment tooth gums are
activated by a special gel light device that is spread
on the tooth.
Implantology
Objective
Implant therapy means to insert dull materials in the
body structure and live tissues for therapeutical
purposes. Tooth implants are recognized as nailed tooth,
screwed tooth in daily life. Prostheses (dentures) are
widely used in dentistry as it provides an esthetic
appearance and functionality to the patient. When
classical therapeutical methods are insufficient then
implants both alone or combined with other materials are
used. In dentistry, the word implant means inserting
dull materials in the tooth structure and live tissues
for therapeutical purposes.
Implants are widely used in the following conditions:
- To
provide a comfortable use in mobile prostheses where the
dentures cannot be fixed and in patients who are totally
absent from teeth.
- In
patients who have a strong inclination to vomit due to a
vomiting reflex or any other reasons and in patients who
are unable to use prostheses due to various reasons.
- In
patients who have a single tooth missing and who refuses
to cut their tooth and use a bridge prosthesis.
Methods for Identification and Diagnosis
Implants can be applied to any individuals except
patients who have an advanced systemic disorder (such as
uncontrolled diabetes, patients who undergone
radiotherapy on the head and neck areas). However, a
panoramic film is mandatory for patients who shall
undergo an implant therapy. The film must allow an
adequate distance between the canal where the dental
nerve is passing at the lower jawbone and to the sinus
distance at the upper jawbone where the implant shall be
inserted. MRI and CT are auxiliary methods that may be
helpful in implant patients. Patients with inadequate
bone tissue may benefit from tissue supplementation (by
grafting).
Therapeutical Methods
Implants are made from titanium as it is well tolerated
by the human body and has no any toxic effects.
Operations can be performed by local or general
anesthesia. Implant therapy is to place a titanium screw
in a small socket which is opened in the jawbone. The
implant therapy has a prosthesis stage and this
application can be applied only by prosthesis
specialists and physicians. After the operation implant
upper surface prostheses are installed at the end of a
waiting period of three or four months in order to allow
the implant surface and the bone cells to weld (osseointegration).
When the bone structure is compatible then the upper
structure is installed without any waiting period.
General Anesthesia
Objective
The word morphine is usually used by the community to
define the local anesthetic that is used in dentistry.
Many painful therapies can be performed by local
anesthesia. Besides the duration of procedures such as
oral, dental and jawbone surgical interventions
performed under general anesthesia (narcosis) is
significantly shorter than the procedures performed
under local anesthesia.
General anesthesia allows to perform multiple procedures
at one session. Therefore many patients who have a
limited time prefers general anesthesia. The number
patients who prefers therapy under general anesthesia is
increasing every month. General anesthesia is a
wonderful opportunity for patients who are afraid to sit
in a dentist�s armchair and who are afraid or who panic
from noisy and vibrating devices. General anesthesia is
the sole solution in spastic, autistic and mentally
retarded and hyperactive children and adults and in
children who fail to comply with the dentist. General
anesthesia provides a comfortable and safe working
medium for both the patient and the dentist and relaxes
the relatives of the patient and relief�s stressful
conditions. General anesthesia especially is a preferred
method of therapy in patients who demonstrate allergic
reactions to local anesthesia agents.
In deep tissue operations that involves the face and
jawbone together, general anesthesia is preferred by
almost entire dental surgeons in order to provide
adequate bleeding control and success in esthetic
surgery. General anesthesia is safer than local
anesthesia when compared with local anesthesia.
Methods for Identification and Diagnosis
When patients arrive to our hospital, we firstly perform
oral diagnostic therapy planning. Patients who have any
of the above condition are sent to the anesthesia and
reanimation physician at our hospital. Our specialist
dentist shall request some tests from the patient to
understand whet ever an adverse condition is present for
anesthesia. If no any adverse condition is present for
anesthesia then general anesthesia is performed.
Methods of Therapy
In Dental Dentistry general anesthesia is not considered
different form any other general anesthesia applications
in medicine. General anesthesia provides a necessary
medium for the dentist and surgeon to intervene and work
easily during the whole process. The patient is put
totally into sleep and the depth of the anesthesia is
adjusted accordingly so the patient does not feel pain
and show any reflexes. The technological advantages of
modern medicine have significantly reduced the risk
related with general anesthesia applications. As an
example, any ratio of risk that one may encounter in our
dental clinic or operation room during general
anesthesia is less than the ratio of risk of accidents
that may occur during the voyages with make between two
cities.
Dentistanbul Hospital is the only dental hospital in
Turkey where an anesthesiologist and a reanimation
specialist are employed. The hospital has three
operation rooms equipped with the latest and most
civilized technology and a two-bed intensive care unit
for emergency and post-operation conditions. The
hospital is capable to serve dental therapy to domestic
and foreign patients.
Tooth Bleaching
Objective
If the defeated color of your teeth is the only thing
that avoids you to smile broadly then it is possible to
obtain relief from this condition only within a few
days. The bleaching process is performed by applying a
specially prepared gel onto the teeth and then
technically to accelerate the reaction by a compatible
light source. The mechanism of the bleaching process
occurs as a oxidation-reduction reaction. The agents
release oxygen. The substances that cause colorization
of the tooth will replace with each other and bleaching
shall occur.
Color disorders of the tooth may base to various
reasons:
-
Environmental factors: Lacking in tooth brushing,
chromogens due to diets, bacteria plate that surrounds
the tooth, trauma of the tooth, dying food such as
tea, coffee and red wine,
-
Occupational factors: Exposure to metallic salts,
-
Genetic factors: Dark colored tooth due to genetic
factors, antibiotics administered during childhood,
diseases of the tooth tissue such as
amelodentinogenesis, perfecta-dentinogenesis-fluorideosis,
-
Previous dental therapies: Canal therapies and
coloring due to amalgam fillings.
Methods for Identification and Diagnosis
Before beginning to apply bleaching on a tooth, tooth
decays, gingival withdrawals, gingival inflammation or
corrosion must not be present. At such conditions the
necessary therapies are carried out and the bleaching
process begins. However before the bleaching process the
cause of coloring must be described. Then the type of
bleaching can be choose accordingly.
Therapeutical Methods
Before beginning to apply, bleaching on a tooth, tooth
decays, gingival withdrawals, gingival inflammation or
corrosion must not be present. At such conditions, the
necessary therapies are carried out and the bleaching
process begins. However, before the bleaching process
the cause of coloring must be described. Then the type
of bleaching can be chosen accordingly.
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